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    	| US Electric Utilities: A Century of Successful Democratic Regulation of Private Monopolies; A Half-Decade of Failure of Experiments in Competition European Federation of Public Service Unions
Future of the European Union and Public Services December 12, 2001 
			To date, there have been almost no benefits to consumers from retail electricity competition in the US; rather, serious detriments to consumers include high and volatile prices, decreased reliability and increasing blackouts, lost jobs, and new consumer problems, such as slamming, invasions of privacy, and lack of information.
			   
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